North American Free Trade Agreement

Presentation The NorthAmerican organized commerce understanding (NAFTA) is an exchange understanding between the United States, Canada and Mexico. Affected in the year 1994, the understanding subbed the previous Canada-United States facilitated commerce understanding which just included the two countries.Advertising We will compose a custom exploration paper test on North American Free Trade Agreement explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper looks to talk about how the development of the North American unhindered commerce Agreement influenced legislative issues and economies of the three nations: Canada, Mexico and the United States. The paper will talk about the backgroundto the development of the understanding, its terms and the impacts that the understanding has affected in the legislative issues and the economies of three part nations. Foundation of NAFTA Prior to the arrangement of the North American Free Trade Agreement, there existed an exchange unders tanding between the United States and Canada. The understanding that appeared to confine Mexico saw the nation of Mexico alter its structures and frameworks towards global exchange request to determine its monetary emergency due to destabilized oil costs and overpowering outside obligations that Mexico had been encountering since the 1980s.Being attracted to worldwide exchange and the move that saw Mexico join the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) constrained Mexico to survey its guidelines and terms to universal exchange. The monetary changes done through decrease of exchange obstructions, in an offer to conform to the globalization wave, persuaded Mexico to exchange understandings other than the typical universal exchange. This thus prompted the availability of Mexico to manufacture a monetary coalition with the effectively settled Canada-United States facilitated commerce understanding. This prompted the development of the North American Free Trade Agreement that was set up in the year 1992 (Kehoe 1). Terms of the North American Free Trade Agreement The facilitated commerce understanding made between the three nations had arrangements to help accomplish theobjectives of an organized commerce alliance and guidelines to help ensure businesses in the nations as far as upper hand. The understanding had arrangements to ensure patent rights and control creation of fake merchandise. By and large, the point of the understanding was to improve exchange among the three nations by absolute expulsion of duties and different constraints to worldwide exchange, for example, universal exchange conventions and prerequisites. One of the arrangements of the exchange understanding was that the exchange among the three nations was to be liberated from government strategies which control global exchange. It likewise given to opportunity to â€Å"cross guest administrations rules† (Trade1).Advertising Looking for research paper on worldwide relations? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This implied organizations and associations inside the three nations had the opportunity to pick their exchange areas liberated from control by any of the administrations. The understanding additionally accommodated all inclusive access to governments’procurement forms in the three nations to empower providers offer for any open tenders in any of the nations without impediments. The understanding additionally accommodated the reception and utilization of comparative traditions rules in the three nations. In its terms, the North American Free Trade Agreement gave â€Å"protection against unjustified actions† (Trade1) by any nation against brokers from other part nations. It likewise guaranteed arrangements for â€Å"fairness for investors† among its part states. Under these arrangements, the modes for undertaking a â€Å"safeguard action† was plot with a further arrangement tha t any such activities expected remuneration to any part nation influenced by the activity. The details of the understanding likewise accommodated â€Å"environmentally stable investments† (Trade1), assurance to support giving organizations and security to â€Å"intellectual rights† among others (Trade1). Financial Impacts of NAFTA on its Member Countries The development and usage of the North American Free Trade Agreement impactsly affected the nations attributable to the way that boundaries to exchange were wiped out expanding the volume of exchange among the three nations. Mexico and NAFTA With thought to the exchange exercises between the United States and Mexico, there were critical effects in the Mexican economy got from the changed exchange. By and large terms, the exchange understanding carried huge advantages to the Mexican economy. In an examination directed by the World Bank in the year 2005, it was understood that in its commitment to the Mexican economy, th e North American Free Trade Agreement improved the advancement levels in Mexico. The examination really thought about the advancements in Mexico at the chance to that of the United States. This can be seen as lift to the Mexican economy contemplating that Mexico was in a financial emergency two decades sooner. The changed exchange, as per the World Bank study, improved the innovation in the Mexican mechanical sector.The ensuing extension of the division along with the improved innovation improved the â€Å"number and nature of jobs†(Villareal 17).Advertising We will compose a custom exploration paper test on North American Free Trade Agreement explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The exchange progression additionally uncovered the three part states to the affectability to each other’s economies. The free exchange of merchandise and ventures among the nations has the effect of moving monetary ramifications along with the progression of products and ent erprises. An expansion in the cost of crude materials in a single nation will affect on the cost of the final result of the asset. This will be moved to different nations inciting its effect in the goal nation. It has likewise been built up that the exchange understanding was basic in the Mexican monetary recuperation that was acknowledged in the year 1995. Through the particulars of the exchange understanding, Mexico improved its monetary strategies. This move helped the certainty of remote financial specialists and subsequently pulled in ventures into the nation. As for the reports from World Bank, Mexico has overwhelmingly experienced financial turns of events and the improved monetary status is ascribed toward the North American Trade Agreement. The exchange understanding additionally added to average change in the wages in Mexico. It is noticed that with the order of the North American Free Trade Agreement, the compensation rate offered in Mexico expanded consistently between t he years 1990 and 2000. The pay rate has from that point forward been fluctuating along a mean rate (Villareal 18).Mexico has especially been forced to bear the exchange understanding. Because of the expanded global exchange because of the NAFTA exchange understanding, the Mexican universal exchange expanded from around thirty five percent to more than 60% in a range of eight years. Fares in the modern areas have, for instance, expanded by around 300 percent because of the exchange advancement instigated by the exchange concession to the Mexican economy (Vazqueze and Chen 3). The United States and Canada Though more altogether felt in Mexico when contrasted with the United States and Canada, the North American Free Trade Agreement has had financial effects among all its three part states.Advertising Searching for research paper on universal relations? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More The impact of the understanding expanded exchange the area and universally by not moving business exercises from different locales toward the North America, yet by making greater open door for business. The United States for instance found a rich market for its items in Mexico. The impacts of the understanding are likewise observed to have caused an adjustment in business frameworks in theUnited States and Canada. The adjustment in exchange designs and the business exercises because of the changed game plan prompted a move from â€Å"blue neckline jobs† to â€Å"white neckline jobs†. This move in the work structure has a killing impact of loss of business openings in a single calling and a resulting making of occupations in another part of the economy. There will in any case be a net impact coming about because of this move in work structure since the compensation rates in these sorts of employments are moderately extraordinary (Laursen 54). The General Impact NAFTA can be professed to have â€Å"succeeded in boosting the three part states monetary performance† (Chambers and Smith 244). There have been expanded degrees of worldwide exchange among the three part nations. The affectability made by the exchange advancement among the three nations likewise prompted improvement of global exchange between the nations and the remainder of the world. Mexico, for instance, balanced from its previous prohibitive strategies that restricted universal exchange to financial approaches that are increasingly mediocre to global exchange. The NorthAmerican Trade Agreement is additionally noted to have prompted a by and large negative effect on the pattern of business rates among the part nations. An investigation of the business information pattern in Mexico demonstrates that the activity creation in Mexico that is ascribed to the exchange understanding influenced the Mexicans in a fairly negative manner. The agreement,however, influenced the progression of laborers from the United States into Mexico; Americans are said to have overwhelmed Mexico. This had the ramifications of expanded rivalry for employments consequently uprooting Mexicans from their occupations and expanding joblessness rates. A comparable danger to employmentsecurity was seen in Canada on the beginning of the previous exchange understanding among Canada and the United States. In the courses of action Canada o

Life under slavery in the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Life under bondage in the United States - Essay Example In spite of the fact that bondage was later canceled utilizing harmony settlements, plainly during the slave time frame, most slaves experienced genuine enduring unforgiving day to day environments under their masters’ care. African-Americans were utilized as slaves in the seventeenth century in any event, during the American Revolution and during the appropriation of the Constitution in 1787. During this time, there were clear rules on when slaves began their work routine and when it finished regularly. Slaves worked for extended periods whereby work began previously, day break, and finished after dusk with just a two-hour break. They worked under steady oversights with dangers of discipline by regulators paying little heed to who their proprietors were. There were submitted to brutal conditions and regardless of their absence of opportunity, they were not generally rendered feeble casualties, as they had the option to begin significant foundations (Reese 208). Europeans settled in America and put resources into sugarcane and tobacco manors, which had flourished in regions like the Mediterranean in the Middle Ages. At the point when European dealers were cruising, they received such practices into their new settlements. This early estates required work and the Europeans loathed the work required in the manors and the indigenous individuals wouldn't deal with it, and this prompted constrained slave work (Rodriguez 33). There was a gigantic extension of the populace that was oppressed in Americas, which was conceivable because of the transoceanic slave exchange. The populace expanded in light of the fact that slaves banished more youngsters and cotton cultivating began profiting by the subjection in America in 1800 and it spread to different states (Elkins 35). Servitude was met with obstruction as slaves in some cases fled and stowed away in woodlands or saw family members in different estates. Some had the option to get away from subjection for good yet some were unfortunate as they were seriously rebuffed, and others were even shot to death or chomped by the proprietors hounds

Literature Essay: One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest by K Kesey

It is recommended that Ken Kesey†s One Flew over the Cuckoo†s Nest contains instances of conduct and mentalities showed by characters inside the clinical condition of the mental ward which can be contrasted with conduct found inside contemporary American culture. These incorporate instances of administration and progressive system inside a class or station framework, sexism and wrongdoing and discipline. In the content, the topic of administration is noticeable and imperative to the story. Apparently it is increasingly significant subject of the book, than the issue of psychological maladjustment, which shapes the setting and the center of the novel. The pioneer figure in the ward is Big Nurse, who has unlimited oversight over the ward. Any choices that are made over a patient or with respects the running of the ward must experience Big Nurse first. She is seen by the Chief as being practically mechanical in her way to deal with her running of the ward: She†s understood that sack loaded with a thousand sections she means to use in her obligations today-haggles, machine gear-pieces cleaned to a hard glitter†¦(10) The ward is controlled by her to an extremely severe every day schedule, which is fanatically hypochondriac in it†s accuracy and commitment. Boss depicts Big Nurse†s dedication to her every day schedule: ‘The scarcest thing chaotic or messed up in any capacity integrates her with a little white bunch of tight-grinned fury† (27) When McMurphy enters the ward, the sensitive balance which the medical attendant has made is disturbed. This is on the grounds that, similar to the medical attendant, McMurphy is a characteristic chief figure. He assumes control over the control of the ward by controlling the patients; apparently to their benefit, however it might be contended that he gets a believing a control from being a pioneer over a huge gathering of individuals. This might be an inclination of control and force which has recently been missing in his life for reasons unknown. We are told, right off the bat in the book, of McMurphy†s admission to the ward specialist about his conviction for assaulting a multi year old young lady, and his reluctance to recognize that he had perpetrated a wrongdoing: ‘Said she was seventeen, Doc, and she was bounty willin†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ so willin†, indeed, I took to planting my jeans up† (40) This could likewise be contended for Big Nurse; What is her rationale in her complete devotion to the activity? It is conceivable that she additionally savors the sentiment of power over the patients in her consideration which her activity permits. She realizes that she has supreme control over each patient in her ‘care†; The ability to change any of her patient†s lives promptly any place she may see fit. Such conduct can likewise be found in contemporary society in a domain, for example, a school; The school is a genuine model since it has a focal innovator in the situation of the head instructor. The head educator has full obligation over each individual inside the school, and furthermore sets the guidelines and guidelines which everybody in that specific school must comply. On the off chance that an individual from the school disrupts any of the norms, the head instructor will choose a proper discipline. While the head educator is responsible to the Governing Board of the school, they despite everything have the most ‘power† and authority over the school. It can likewise be appeared inside a huge enterprise with the situation of a Managing Director. All other staff in the organization are straightforwardly responsible to him. The Managing Director has the ability to employ new staff, and furthermore to make staff repetitive. In any case, again, he is liable to the proprietor of the organization and maybe the investors; so he can never have all out force in his position This can be appeared differently in relation to Big Nurse; She is, in principle, responsible to the Management Board of the emergency clinic, and even to the specialists who deal with the ward. Be that as it may, she seems to have the most power over the day by day running of the ward, as though she were higher ranking than the specialists, despite the fact that, actually, she is just a medical attendant. She appears to have absolute and complete authority over each individual in the ward. The subject of administration doesn't reflect the outside world precisely, as in contemporary society a pioneer of a general public or an association is quite often responsible to an individual senior to him. This isn't found in the novel, as Big Nurse is by all accounts liable to nobody, truth be told, it is doubtful that everybody answers to her. A chain of importance or class framework works inside the ward which can be obviously observed over the span of the novel. Patients living inside the ward are ‘classed† as per the condition of their psychological well-being or to the state of which they experience the ill effects of. Boss portrays the technique for separating patients from each other: ‘Across the room from the Acutes are the Chronics†¦ Not in the medical clinic, these, to get fixed, however to keep them strolling the streets†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (17) Patients are separated into two classifications of Acutes and Chronics: Chronics are those patients who have a condition which is untreatable, â€Å"machines with defects which can't be repaired† (17) and must be controlled with clinical strategies. They will spend the remainder of their lives inside the ward of the medical clinic. Patients who are viewed as being probably going to recoup from their sickness, and will come back to society. Acutes are those patients for example Harding, who are viewed as being probably going to recuperate from their disease, and will come back to society. Chronics can either have full utilization of their bodies or can be again sub-classified into Wheelers and Vegetables; Those whose development is weakened to such a degree, they can just move by being pushed around in wheelchairs. Vegetables are patients who, through unnecessary ECT ‘Shock Shop† (18) or through the overperscription of sedating drugs: ‘Ellis is an interminable arrived in an Acute and got messed up awful when they over-burden him in the Shock Shop†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (18) When McMurphy enters the ward, he expect the job of a pioneer over the entirety of his kindred patients in the ward. McMurphy has a solid, insightful character thus he can control other people who are more helpless than he is. A case of his control is the point at which he gives some playing a card game with explicit photos on them to Cheswick: ‘I brought along my own deck†¦Fifty-two positions†. Cheswick is pop-looked at already†¦those cards don†t help his condition. (16) Character types which can be found in contemporary society can likewise be seen unmistakably with respect to the characters in the ward setting: McMurphy†s character is a radical character who abhors authority and definitive figures. This is, maybe, why he conflicts so savagely with Big Nurse. Boss is the veteran of the ward. He has been there the longest, since the beginning of World War II, except for Big Nurse. He has the shared regard of everybody in the ward. Billy Bibbit is unreliable and has a stammer. His name is amusing in that it takes after a falter when said. His issues have most likely been brought about by his domineering mother, who was defensive and represented him at whatever point conceivable. In a huge gathering of people, these characters are regularly observed; A radical character who conflicts with the framework is quite often present in a class inside a school; A veteran who has picked up the regard of everybody in that specific gathering; An individual who is deficient in certainty, frequently hesitant to stand up. Today, in contemporary society, a class framework is still particularly a piece of regular day to day existence. Individuals are classed on riches, status and work. Segregation can likewise exist between classes; lower classes finding higher classes bombastic and elitist; higher classes maybe observing lower classes as ‘common† and uneducated. The book mirrors progressive system in contemporary society quite well, as it shows distinctive character types and separates between the various classes of individuals inside it obviously and precisely. Notwithstanding, it doesn't show segregation between the various classes which exists today in contemporary society and is very critical to the structure of present day social orders. The issues of Sexism and Sexuality are additionally raised inside the book. Despite the fact that they don't include so unmistakably as the topics of Leadership and Hierarchy, they are by the by imperative to the conduct of the characters. Taking the topic of sexism in the content, ladies are set into two unmistakable cliché types. They are depicted as either prostitutes, whores or nymphomaniac spouses; or the book goes to the next outrageous where ladies are held as agamic ‘machines†. This view is significant when alluding to Big Nurse. The whores that show up during McMurphy†s angling trip are a genuine case of the primary way the book depicts ladies. They are appeared as flippant, trivializing sex with the goal that it is considered distinctly to be a negligible business exchange. It is likewise clarified of the loss of McMurphy†s at nine years old: ‘The first young lady ever tranquilize me to bed wore that equivalent dress. I was about ten†¦Taught me how to adore, favor her sweet ass (201)† Ruckly†s spouse is another case of this such perspective on ladies as adulteresses. Ruckly has had a fruitless lobotomy, making him rather intellectually temperamental. The content depicts him thoughtfully, so the peruser identifies with his character from the start: ‘They took him back to the ward fourteen days later†¦you can see by his eyes how they consumed him in there† (18) Ruckly had discovered that his better half had been seeing other men; Every time she is referenced he recollects what she did to him: ‘Memory murmurs somewhere in that confused machinery†¦He turns red and veins obstruct up†¦Fffffffuck da spouse! Ffffffuck da wife!† (19) This isn't the main ominous way ladies are depicted in the novel. Large Nurse is appeared as a solidified and rather clean agamic character. ‘ ‘A botch was made in assembling, putting those enormous,

chp 7 quiz questions Essay Example

chp 7 test addresses Essay Example chp 7 test addresses Paper chp 7 test addresses Paper Article Topic: Writing In the wake of introducing gatherings of research members words like string, eye, pin, syringe, sewing, sharp, and thimble, a memory analyst asks the members whether they saw the word needle. The way that numerous members do is a case of permastore. memory figment. amnesia. dã ©j vu. memory figment A key topic that has risen up out of the memory inquire about writing is that all unequivocal and certain recollections are put away in the hippocampus. memory dreams are proof of genuine memory issues, for example, Alzheimers sickness or amnesia. the progression of time has practically no impact on the precision of our recollections. we effectively recreate our recollections utilizing the prompts and data accessible to us. we effectively recreate our recollections. You watch LeShon wave his fourth of July sparkler as he runs. As you watch the light, you notice a hover of light instead of only a solitary purpose of light. This impact shows the working of your echoic memory. flashbulb memory. notable memory. transient memory. notable memory After you wrap up this sentence, the data will stay in your ________ as you consider every one of the appropriate responses underneath. photographic memory momentary memory tangible memory long haul memory momentary memory Kira is running down the road tuning in to her compact music player. Suddenly, her batteries pass on and the music stops. Which of the accompanying records for her capacity to in any case hear the last piece of the tune that was playing? Eidetic symbolism Momentary memory Echoic memory Famous memory echoic memory While driving her kids, Adrianas vehicle stalled. She called her significant other on the PDA for the quantity of a towing organization. In the event that the childrens conduct keeps her from rehashing the number to herself, in all probability Adriana should dial the telephone number inside the following __________ or she will overlook the number. 15 seconds minute 2 seconds 45 seconds 15 seconds Shanna has a test covering research techniques for both her science and brain research classes. As she examines, she is ceaselessly getting data confounded between the classes. The subsequent memory misfortune is clarified by recovery disappointment. sequential position impacts. impedance. mutilation impedance Which of the accompanying best shows retroactive obstruction? Susie battles to figure out how to play the violin, in the wake of playing the guitar for a long time. Chet battles to get familiar with the names of the new players he added to his dream baseball program. Mentor Todd considers one of her old softball players the name of one of her new players. Teacher Jones battles to become familiar with the names of his new understudies after instructing for a long time earlier. mentor todd considers one of her old softball players the name of her new players In secondary school, Deanna took three years of Spanish. After taking a crack at school ten years after the fact, she enrolled for a medicinal French course. At the point when required to talk in French during class conversation with her educator and schoolmates, Deanna as often as possible reacts with Spanish words rather than French words. This is one case of rot. blocking. proactive obstruction. retroactive obstruction. proactive obstruction The Magic Number of transient memory is fifteen give or take two. seven give or take two. nine give or take two. seven give or take three. seven give or take two Liv has quite recently observed a business publicizing an extravagant sort of make-up that she might want to purchase. She doesn't have a pen or a bit of paper to record the phone number, so she rehashes to herself again and again while she runs into the kitchen to discover the phone. Liv is at present utilizing the procedure of ________ practice to keep the phone number dynamic in her momentary memory. circulated semantic upkeep elaborative support As indicated by the examination on the supremacy impact, if your dad read you a rundown of 10 things to get up at the home improvement shop you would most effectively review those things from the finish of the rundown. from right off the bat in the rundown. that are generally particular. in the rundown. from right off the bat in the rundown Which two kinds of recollections are both viewed as a feature of unequivocal memory? semantic and long winded reconstructive and reviewed semantic and procedural reasonable and schematic semantic and long winded Jasmine needs to recollect a 8-line sonnet for her fifth grade English class one week from now. Her mom recommends that she connect the initial scarcely any words from each line with an alternate piece of their home, beginning with the front entryway. This proposal is generally like the memory procedure known as the technique for loci. the pegword technique. an abbreviation. the watchword strategy. the technique for loci Despite the fact that you have never taken a class with Dr. Hua, you stroll into class, plunk down, open your scratch pad, and trust that the teacher will start his talk. What idea is being shown? Construction Preparing Capacity Supremacy effec construction Who is taking part in appropriated practice? Geoff, who has been contemplating an hour a night in the course of the most recent three weeks for his life structures last Kris, who made glimmer cards the previous evening for his brain science last today Angela, who simply read through her notes while in transit to take her variable based math last Alan, who pulled a dusk 'til dawn affair to prepare for his science last geoff, who has been examining Which of coming up next is the best case of lumping? Andrea makes a sentence utilizing every last bit of her jargon words. Caroline utilizations the principal letter of every one of her jargon words and explains the word, butterfly to enable her to recollect. Cedric can recollect the entirety of the names of the children in his group. Katie records a model for every one of her jargon words. andrea makes a sentence utilizing every last bit of her jargon words Proof proposes that when the genuine criminal is excluded from a live line-up, most observers will won't reply and request to leave the police headquarters. will be precise and illuminate the police that the individual is absent. will be wrong and select the individual who most intently takes after the genuine lawbreaker. Nothing unless there are other options will be erroneous and select Albeit both Clive Wearing and a patient known as H.M. had seriously harmed hippocampi or evacuated hippocampi, the two of them demonstrated proof of ________ memory. understood express eidetic roundabout understood Following an auto collision, Jane and Joan both endure head wounds with coming about amnesia. Joan can't recall occasions that happened before the mishap, while Jane can't recollect occasions that happened after the mishap. Joan experiences __________ amnesia and Jane from __________ amnesia. proactive; retroactive retroactive; proactive anterograde; retrograde retrograde; anterograde retrograde;anterograde There are different methods accessible to assist individuals with improving their capacity to review material. For example, when you remember something new by associating it intellectually to something you definitely know, you are utilizing levels of preparing. elaborative practice. dispersed investigation. a memory aide. elaborative practice Which mental wonder can be characterized as the maintenance of data after some time? Information Understanding Memory Thinking memory Which of coming up next would one say one isn't of the three significant procedures of memory? Long haul Capacity Encoding Recovery long haul We can utilize memory aides to help us ________ data we need to hold in our recollections. encode recover store appreciate encode The vast majority cant precisely recall that anything they encountered in their soonest years. This marvel is known as retrograde amnesia. adolescent amnesia. anterograde amnesia. childish amnesia. childish amnesia When we arent sure where a memory truly originated from (Did it truly occur? Or then again was it a fantasy?) we can utilize signals, for example, how striking and itemized the memory is to decide the appropriate response. This procedure is called cryptomnesia. beginning memory. thought about memory. source checking. source checking After some time, kids create more noteworthy information on their own memory capacities and restrictions. The expression for this is understanding. meta-memory. habituation. learning meta-memory Minds of individuals with Alzheimers contain decrepit plaques and ________, variations from the norm that add to both neurotransmitter misfortune and the passing of hippocampus and cerebral cortex cells. amygdala cells beta-adrenergic receptors propranolol neurofibrillary tangles neurofibrillary tangles A memory that is in reality bogus yet feels genuine and can be activated by, for example, taking a gander at a rundown of related words, is called a(n) delegate heuristic. memory figment. dynamic reproduction. incomprehensible memory. memory figment First saw in the hippocampus of hares in 1966, ________ alludes to how monotonous incitement of neurons after some time will bit by bit fortify associations among the neurons in question. glutamate pathways long haul potentiation engram congregations review inclination long haul potentiation What sort of chart would be utilized to represent the power and recency impacts? Ebbinghaus bend Histogram Enneagram Sequential position bend sequential position bend A gathering of understudies were told they were being given the medication ________ before taking the SAT while another gathering was told they were taking a fake pill. Their unaffected SAT scores combined with their totally different impression of mental working and sharpness recommended that the misleading impact was grinding away. Provigil Adderall Ritalin Modafinil ritalin

Terrorism Prevention Program for Homeland Security

Fear based oppression Prevention Program for Homeland Security Jacob Malone The Department of Homeland Securitys vision is a country that is sheltered, secure, and strong against fear based oppression and different risks, where American interests, desires, and lifestyle can flourish. So as to achieve this, as indicated by Chip Fulghum (2016), DHS utilizes more than 225,000 individuals in occupations from outskirt security to cybersecurity investigation and must cooperate to battle a wide scope of dangers. With a wide exhibit of employment obligations obviously their principle objective is to protect America. As per Roger Kemp (2012), The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) officially appeared as an independent, Gabinet-level, office to additionally facilitate the bind together national country security endeavors, opening its entryways on March 1,2003 (p. 28). DHS essential strategic to forestall fear mongering and upgrade security. Halting and forestalling psychological oppression is the cornerstone of DHS. The risk of psychological warfare to the country has progressed throughout the years since the last quadrennial survey in 2010. It stays genuine and considerably harder to distinguish. A case of this advancement is the Boston Marathon shelling. We are confronting progressively solitary wolf aggressors that are propelled and urged by over the top belief systems to radicalize to brutality and submit fatal fear based oppressor acts towards Americans. These free demonstrations are the hardest to recognize and DHS will stay watchful in distinguishing and countering these dangers. DHS Priorities to Secure Against the Evolving Terrorism Threat Distinguish, Investigate, and Interdict Threats as Early as could be expected under the circumstances Psychologist the Haystack: Expand Risk Based Security Concentrate on Countering Violent Extremism and Helping to Prevent Complex Mass Casualty Attacks Decrease Vulnerabilities: Deny Resources, Deny Targets Reveal Patterns and Faint Signals: Enhance Data Integration and Analysis Table 1 Recognize, Investigate, and Interdict Threats as Early as could be expected under the circumstances Because of the present and improvement of potential assaults and dangers, a prime concern is that these horrendous obsessive can move undetected across visitors inside clash zones. A model would be the contentions in Syria and Yemen where they can prepare other similar individuals in strategies, aptitudes, and weapons for the utilization of fear based oppression. Notwithstanding, numerous different countries are unequipped for making sure about their own fringes and forestall ill-conceived development of individuals and products and the failure to gather customs incomes to help administration. Accordingly, they are very nearly state disappointment. DHS and the Departments of State, Defense, and Justice will address the vulnerabilities and improve the sheltered and secured development of individuals and products by organizing backing to outside accomplices to build their fringe management, customs honesty, and the limits and capacities of their law requirement. What's more, it is essential to utilize the data we get ahead of time to screen abroad dependent on chance as opposed to holding back to screen upon the appearance of the United States. Therapist the Haystack: Expand Risk-Based Security Because of the decentralized idea of the current danger makes it significant that we move away from a one-size-fits-all kind of security approach and move toward hazard educated and knowledge driven. With this new mentality, DHS will concentrate more on recognizing lower hazard explorers and load so as to invest more energy and assets on the individuals we think less about or represent a higher danger. As indicated by DHS, Trusted voyager and shipper projects, for example, Global Entry, TSA Pre㠢åâ€Å"㠢„â ¢, and the Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism advance these targets and show that compelling security and the facilitated progression of merchandise and individuals can be accomplished together (DHS, 2017). They will utilize a few different ways to recognize lower hazard explorers. For instance, they will utilize personal investigation and perceive remote accomplice believed voyager programs. Concentrate On Countering Violent Extremism and Helping to Prevent Complex Mass Casualty Attacks DHS doesn't concentrate on only one type of one specific belief system or secured First Amendment exercises, but instead all structures all types of obsession with regards to countering savage fanaticism inside the U.S. Their endeavors to contradicting horrible fanaticism feature the intensity of nearby networks and the reason that all around educated and well-prepared families and networks speak to the best barrier against these vicious demonstrations. DHS bolsters network based critical thinking and nearby law implementation programs so as to disturb and stop enlistment to radicalized viciousness. As per DHS, DHS mutually creates with government, state, neighborhood, ancestral, and regional accomplices preparing for bleeding edge law authorization officials on practices that might be characteristic of fierce radical movement (DHS, 2017). Similar investigation into non-ideologically spurred viciousness gives upgraded understanding into pre-episode social pointers that are connected to mass brutality. This enable DHS to furnish accomplices with the best instruments to distinguish and relieve a variety of savage assaults. Lessen Vulnerabilities: Deny Resources, Deny Targets Vicious radicals will in general search out and assault representative scenes, mass social occasion, and basic foundation. The most ideal approach to secure against these objectives is to embrace moves toward that are knowledge driven, systematic driven, and sought after in close cooperation with government, state, nearby, and private segment accomplices notwithstanding people in general. The DHS Security Strategy for Mass Transit and Passenger Rail plunges further into detail into how they have utilized this way to deal with improve the security of our framework. As indicated by DHS, They will keep on expanding an accentuation on discouragement, including upgrading endeavors to openly impart custom-made depictions of country security abilities to impact the discernment, chance estimations, and practices of foes (DHS, 2017). Reveal Patterns and Faint Signals: Enhance Data Integration and Analysis DHS and its accomplices must proceed and continually keep up situational mindfulness. What's more, DHS is devoted to incorporating its information sources, including combining screening tasks. Country Security will receive huge information the executives arrangements that will enable the examiners and investigators to recognize connections that were once hard to recognize. It permits them to distinguish destructive action prior and to mediate or prevent these assaults from ever occurring. A crucial wellspring of information is the Suspicious Activity Reporting from detail, nearby, and private area accomplices that are individuals from the Nationwide Suspicious Activity Reporting Initiative. Another source with a basic job is the If You See Something, Say Something effort. This battle urges residents to report any dubious action to nearby law implementation. These endeavors will help secure our protection, common freedoms, and social equality and permit the FBI Joint Terrorism Task Force to rapidly see data and offer with other FBI Field Intelligence Groups for additional investigation. DHS will organize and quickly circulate nearby or territorial joint items through the National Network of Fusion Center and different components. As indicated by DHS, These joint items, created cooperatively by government, state, neighborhood, ancestral, and regional accomplices, bolster activities and give itemized knowledge on developing network or area explicit dangers (DHS, 2017). All in all, DHS has a tremendous duty in guarding our country, secure, and versatile against all adversaries and different dangers. So as to achieve this DHS utilizes more than 240,000 individuals in occupations from outskirt security to cybersecurity examination. So as to ensure us they thought of five needs so as to make sure about against the developing fear mongering danger: recognize, explore, and prohibit dangers as right on time as could reasonably be expected, shrivel the pile: extend hazard based security, center around countering brutal radicalism and assisting with forestalling complex mass loss assaults, diminish vulnerabilities: deny assets, deny targets, and reveal examples and black out signs by improving information combination and examination. References DHS. (2014). Financial Years 2014-2018 Strategic Plan . Recovered March 21, 2017, from https://www.dhs.gov/locales/default/documents/productions/FY14-18%20Strategic%20Plan_0_0.PDF DHS. (2014). The 2014 Quadrennial Homeland Security Review. Recovered March 21, 2017, from https://www.dhs.gov/destinations/default/records/productions/2014-qhsr-last 508.pdf Fulghum, C. (2016). Making sure about the assets that protected the country. Military Comptroller, 61(3), 6-9. Kahan, J. H. (2013). Whats in a name? the significance of country security. Diary of Homeland Security Education, 2(1), 18. Kemp, R. L. (2012). Country security in america past, present, and future. World Future Review, 4(1), 28-33.

Friends, See You Again!

Friends, See You Again! It has been three weeks since  I came to school without seeing those familiar faces. I miss my older friends a lot, and I would love to share my experience during commencement week back in May. This May, two of my friends graduated from Illinois  and continued their study in graduate schools. It was my first time attending a commencement, and I really had a lot of feelings. The speech by Mr. Huber, called “Find a Better Way,” was great, but I found the student speech during Sociology convocation especially impressive. Every friend of mine knows that my dream majors are majors like English Literature because I love reading and writing. In her speech “Light It Up,” Sana Singh showed her love of  Sociology and why she thought it was a great majorâ€"because it studies the operation of the whole society and is just as important as the majors north  of Green Street (College of Engineering) and south of Gregory Street (College of Business). She considers the knowledge she learned in Sociology things that light her up, which might be the same feeling shared by other students at the convocation. Her touching speech made me cry a little bit because I did not choose to learn things I truly love. However, I am grateful that I still have the habit to read and passion to write. Presentation and hooding of different degrees’ candidates were sweet as well. After years of studying, students got what they deserved and everyone wished them  bright futures. It’s hard to imagine myself at commencement two years later, and the only thing I hope is that I will not regret every effort I made at  Illinois. Before and after the commencement, I took a lot of photos with my friends. We designed quite a lot different poses and I really cherish this moment. On the Quad, near “Grainger Bob,” under that oak tree, inside Armory 101 (which we had a weekly club meeting) and of course we had to  take a picture in front of Alma Mater. Even though there was  a quite long line before her, we still waited for about an hour to get that picture. During commencement week, Alma Mater also wore blue  academic robes. We are all from different areas of  China and couldn’t see each other too often. During commencement  week, I got to meet my friends’ parents and have dinner with them. It’s just lovely to hear their funny stories from childhood and dreams about future. I wish all my friends a great and bright future. I will miss you guys. Please come and visit during breaks! (Photo taken by Mengqiao Guo; Person in Photo: Xialingzi Jin) Connie Class of 2018 I am double majoring in Computer Engineering in the College of Engineering and Statistics in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. My hometown is a historical and peaceful city called Suzhou, located in southeastern China.

Celebrating Poets

   April is National Poetry Month. Begun in 1986, it is a time dedicated to celebrating poetry and the poets who create pictures with their words. Every poet writes with his or her unique voice, and a poem that resonates with one reader may not touch another reader in quite the same way. Some voices, called the speaker in poems, are lighthearted, others are reflective, and still others are more serious or solemn. We thought that for this post, we would list several poets for you to check out and share with your students. Perhaps you will find a new poet whose work you enjoy.    Poets, Playful and Funny Ogden Nash: An American poet, Nash wrote light verse, including limericks. His words roll off the tongue! Edward Lear: Perhaps best known for his poem, â€Å"The Owl and the Pussycat,† Lear’s poetry also tends to be humorous and fun to read. William Brighty Rands: A Victorian writer of nursery rhymes, he is the author of â€Å"Godfrey Gordon Gustavus Gore,† which was featured in a recent blogpost. Hilaire Belloc: While Belloc’s poetry isn’t limited to the playful and funny, he has written a number of chuckle-worthy pieces, more than a few of which carry a cautionary note.    Reflective Poets Joyce Kilmer: Kilmer’s poetry centered around the beauty in nature. His most famous poem is â€Å"Trees.† William Wordsworth: Wordsworth helped launch the Romantic period. His poetry reflects heavily on nature and is filled with rich imagery. Robert Frost: This much-beloved American poet injected his personal experiences of living in rural New England. He is perhaps America’s most beloved poet. He sometimes wrote with a touch of humor, but always reflected on the world surrounding him. Carl Sandburg: Swedish-American poet Carl Sandburg earned multiple Pulitzer prizes for his poetry. Writing his poems using free verse, he captured the spirit of America at the turn of the twentieth century.    Poets, Solemn and Serious Alfred, Lord Tennyson: Poet Laureate during Queen Victoria’s reign, Tennyson crafted verse that frequently reflected on Classical themes. One of his most famous poems is â€Å"The Lotos-Eaters,† which is a poem that was inspired by Homer’s Odyssey. Paul Laurence Dunbar: Growing up in Dayton, Ohio, Paul Laurence Dunbar was one of the first influential black poets in America. His writing reflects his experiences living during the turn of the twentieth century. He wrote using the vernacular of his time. William Butler Yeats: An Irish poet living in the early part of the twentieth century, William Butler Yeats included details of his Irish heritage in his poetry. He is sometimes called the â€Å"last Romantic poet.† Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: Writing during the 1800s, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow is best known for his thrilling (and somewhat fictional) retelling of Paul Revere’s famous ride. He was a huge celebrity during his day and wrote many popular poems as well as the first American translation of Dante’s Divine Comedy. These are just a few poets to get you started. Check out some of their poetry and see which ones resonate with you. While much of their verse can be found online, we have gathered together all of these poets along with many more in the course Linguistic Development through Poetry Memorization. Right now you have an opportunity to win a free copy of the full course by entering the drawing at this link, but don’t wait too long. The drawing is next week!

Analysis Of The Article Super Disasters Of The 21st...

You may know some information about text structure, but how can you compare and contrast the structures of a non-fiction excerpt and article. Well first you would need to find all the text structures that are being used in the text or writing piece. Few examples are statistics, main ideas and details, cause and effects,etc. In the article of ‘ Super Disasters of the 21st century , by Jacqueline Adams and Ken Kostel and the excerpt of,‘ The Perfect Storm’’, by Sebastian Junger, the author’s use text structures to describe the cause and effect of the disasters, by using the source of the types of text structures. So our question now is, what are some of those text structures that can help us find the difference and similarities of both the excerpt and the article? In the scientific article,’’Super Disasters of the 21st Century,’’ by Jacqueline Adams and Ken Kostel, used text structure to visualize and organize their text about the natural disasters, causes and effects. They achieved this by using the strategy subheadings, and one example is, in paragraph 10 titles,’’Sinking City.’’ This foreshadows what event will happen next about the disaster of hurricane Katrina and focuses on the causes and effects of thedsaster. Authors may use subheadings also for organizing their text and to present information in the article. Next what the authors used in the scientific article,’’Super Disaster of the 21st century,’’ is figurative language, and to prove that it states

The Effect of Peer Presure in Education - 17388 Words

FACTORS AFFECTING ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS AT UGANDA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY BY KYOSHABA MARTHA BBA (UCU) 2005/HD04/4262U DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FUFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT OF MAKERERE UNIVERSITY DECEMBER 2009 DECLARATION I, Martha Kyoshaba, hereby declare that, this dissertation is my original work and has never been presented to any university or institution for any academic award. Sign:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Martha Kyoshaba Date:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1 APPROVAL This dissertation has been written under our supervision and has been submitted for the award of the degree of Master of†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ ... †¦ 50 50 50 58 58 60 Discussion of findings †¦ Conclusions†¦ †¦ Recommendations †¦ †¦ Areas of further research REFERENCES †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 61 APPENDICES ... ... ... †¦ †¦ ... †¦ †¦ ... †¦ †¦ ... †¦ †¦ ... †¦ †¦ †¦ ... †¦ †¦ †¦ 67 67 72 73 Appendix A : Questionnaire †¦ Appendix B : Reliability Analysis Appendix C: UCU students’ enrolment analysis 2006/2007 Appendix D: Pearson product moment correlation between former school background and academic performance †¦ †¦ †¦ 76 Appendix E: Letter of authorization from Dean, School of Education to carry out the research †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 77 7 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Admission points and academic performance of some students who graduated in 2007 †¦ Table 2: Respondents by gender †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ 4 31 32 33 34 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Table 3: Respondents according to age†¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ †¦ Table 4: Respondents according to faculty of study †¦ Table 5: Respondents according to the year of study†¦ Table 6 : Level of academic performance as perceived by the students†¦ †¦ ... 35 36 Table 7:

Using Questions to Refocus or Adjust Lessons

One of the most important responsibilities for a teacher is the planning of instruction. Planning instruction provides direction, provides assessment guidelines, and  conveys instructional intent to students and supervisors. Planned instruction for grades 7-12 in any academic discipline,  however, is met with everyday challenges. There are distractions within the classroom (cell phones,   classroom management  behavior, bathroom breaks) as well as the  external distractions  Ã‚  (PA announcements, outside noises, fire drills) that often interrupt lessons.   When the unexpected happens,  even the best planned lessons or most organized  plan  books  can derail.   Over the course of a unit or a semester, distractions can cause a teacher to lose sight of the goal(s) of a course.   So, what tools can  a secondary teacher use to get back on track?   To counter the many different interruptions in  the execution of lesson plans, teachers need to keep in mind three (3) simple questions that are at the heart of instruction: What thing(s) will the students be able to do when they leave the classroom?How will  I  know the students will be able to do what was taught?What tools or items  are needed for me to accomplish the task(s)? ​These questions can be made into a template to use as a planning tool and  added as an appendix to lesson plans. Instructional Planning in Secondary Classrooms These three (3) questions can also help secondary teachers to be flexible, since teachers may find they may have to modify lesson plans in real time for a specific course period by period. There may be different academic levels of students or multiple courses within a particular discipline; a math teacher, for example, may teach advanced calculus, regular calculus, and statistics sections in one day. Planning for daily instruction also  means that a teacher, regardless of content, is required  to differentiate or  tailor instruction to meet individual student needs. This differentiation  recognizes the variance among learners in the classroom. Teachers use differentiation when they account for student readiness, student interest, or  student learning styles. Teachers can differentiate the academic content, the activities associated with the content, the assessments or end products, or the approach (formal, informal) to the content. Teachers in grades 7-12 also need to account for any number of possible variations in a daily schedule. There may be advisory periods, guidance visits, field trips/internships, etc. Student attendance can also mean a variation in plans for individual students. The pace of an activity can be thrown off with one or more interruptions, so even the  best lesson plans need to account for these minor changes. In some cases, a lesson plan may need an  on the spot change or maybe even a complete rewrite! Because of differentiation or variations to schedules that mean real time adjustments, teachers need to have a quick planning tool that they can use to help adjust and refocus a lesson.  This set of three questions (above) can to help teachers at minimum the means to check to see they are still delivering instruction effectively. Use Questions to Refocus Daily Plans A teacher who uses the three questions (above) either as a daily planning tool or as a tool for adjustment may also need some additional follow-up questions.   When time is removed from an already tight class schedule, a teacher can choose some of the options listed beneath each question in order to salvage any pre-planned instruction. Moreover, any content area teacher can use this template as a tool to make adjustments to a lesson plan-even one that is partially delivered- by adding the following questions: What thing(s) will the students still be able to do when they leave the classroom today? If this was planned as an introductory lesson, what will students be able to explain what was taught with assistance?  If this was planned as an ongoing lesson, or a lesson in a series,  what will students be able to explain independently?  If this was planned as a  review lesson,   what will students be able to explain to others? How will  I  know the students will be able to do what was taught today? Can I still use a  question/answer session at the end of class where I check comprehension?Can I still use an exit slip quiz question with days lesson content or problem to receive feedback from students?Can I still assess through a homework assignment that is due the following day? What tools or items  are needed for me to accomplish the task(s) today? What necessary texts are still available for this lesson   and how do I still make these available for students? (textbooks, trade books, digital links, handouts)What necessary tools are still available to present the information? (whiteboard, Powerpoint, SmartBoard, projection and/or software platform)What other resources (websites, recommended reading, instructional videos, review/practice software) can I still provide to students as support for what I am teaching?What kinds of communication (assignment posts, reminders) can I still leave for students to keep pace with the lesson?If something goes wrong with the tools or items needed, what backups do I have? Teachers can use the three questions and their follow-up questions  in order to develop, to adjust, or to   refocus their lesson plans on just what is important for that particular day. While some teachers may find the use this set of questions particularly useful every day, others might use these questions infrequently.

Essay about The Downfall of Oedipus - 550 Words

Oedipus Rex by Sophocles is regarded as a very highly studied Greek play. Even though it was written almost 2500 years ago, it is still widely studied by both students and scholars alike. Oedipus Rex has passed the test of time, because people today can still relate to the themes and feelings experienced by Oedipus in the play. One of the main themes is the downfall of Oedipus and what the cause of this downfall is. The main plot of Oedipus was well known to the Ancient Greeks before it was even written by Sophocles. When Oedipus was born, King Laius and Queen Jocasta received a prophecy about their son (Oedipus Rex 49). It was claimed that Oedipus would kill his father and marry his mother. To try to prevent this prophecy they gave†¦show more content†¦This man runs him off the road and Oedipus is outraged. As a result, Oedipus kills this unknown man and continues on his way. He arrives in Thebes where he is welcomed as a hero for destroying the Sphinx who was killin g travelers on the road. He learns the news that the king of Thebes has recently been killed by a band of thieves. He marries the Queen and raises a family of two sons and two daughters, until fifteen years later, a plague infects the city. As the King of the country the people of Thebes look to Oedipus to fix this terrible plague that is troubling them and their families (Oedipus Rex 52). Oedipus has no idea what is causing this outbreak. He goes to Creon to try to figure out why this plague is occurring and how to stop it. Creon comes with bad news, stating that there is murderer in their presence and they must banish him from the city to bring an end from this horrible epidemic (Oedipus Rex 56). Oedipus goes on a rampage trying to find the murderer and banish him and avenge Laius death. Ill fight for him, Ill leave no means untried, to catch the one who did it with his hand... (Oedipus Rex, Ln. 270-271, page 1081) He feels such a strong urge to find the truth, and ironical ly the truth leads to his downfall. Oedipus’ great pride gives him confidence that he will find the murderer and once again be the hero of Thebes. Oedipus’ hubris and confidence ultimately leads to his downfall. For example, he believesShow MoreRelatedOedipus Rex And The Downfall Of Oedipus951 Words   |  4 Pageseventual downfall. This concept could be directly related to the story Oedipus Rex. Aristotle once said something to the effect that the tragic hero falls into bad fortune because of some flaw in his character. Essentially, he is telling us those characters, like Oedipus, have flaws that, under normal circumstances, would be a beneficial characteristic. However in this case, his character caused his demise. The defining characteristics of pride and determination can be attributed to the downfall of OedipusRead MoreOedipus Downfall Essay example774 Words   |  4 PagesPrompt: In a well-developed essay, consider whether hubris, fate or both are the use of Oedipus’ downfall. Use evidence from the text to support your support. Hubris is defined as excessive pride or self-confidence, while fate is defined as the supposed force, principle, or power that predetermines events. Ancient Greeks believed in Hubris, or pride. Pride may have been seen as good or bad. Many people that exhibit pride may come off as being proud of their achievements or lives; however, prideRead MoreThe Downfall Of Sophocles Oedipus The King815 Words   |  4 Pages The Downfall of Oedipus In Sophocles Oedipus the King, the topics of fate and free will are exceptionally solid all through the play and. Both focuses could be contended to extraordinary impact. In old Greece, fate was thought to be a simple piece of everyday life. Each part of life depended and was based upon fate. It is nature conviction to accept that humankind does in reality have Free will and every individual can choose the result of his or her life. All Oedipus actions areRead MoreOedipus The King, Oedipus Downfall And Lack Of Divine Attributes1461 Words   |  6 PagesIn Sophocles Oedipus the King, Oedipus’ downfall was a result of the sin of hubris, as he believed that he obtained attributes of divinity, which blinded him from the truth. PURPOSE STATEMENT Through evaluation and analysis of literary criticisms on Oedipus the King, it is shown that the reason for Oedipus’ downfall was his hubris and lack of divine attributes. INTRODUCTION Oedipus assumed he acquired the divine attributes making him further from the truth and nearer to his downfall. He thoughtRead MoreThe Tragic Downfall Of Oedipus The King By Sophocles924 Words   |  4 Pagesliterature, characters often have flaws that lead to a tragic downfall. One of these tragic flaws is hubris, which is defined as â€Å"exaggerated pride or self-confidence† (Merriam-Webster). This trait is most commonly found in characters who come to power and allow themselves to be consumed by their newfound hierarchy. The play Oedipus the King by Sophocles embodies the trait and displays it in different ways throughout the story. Oedipus is a victim of hubris as seen when he disregards the prophecyRead MoreComparing the Downfalls of Sophocles Oedipus and Shakespeares Othello1262 Words   |  6 Pages Oedipus and Othello were both honorable and heroic men that became the victims of tragic downfalls that can be compared and contrasted with each other. Sophocles, the writer of Oedipus the King, and Williams Shakespeare, the writer of Othello, were both enormously influential playwrights of their respective generations and their legacy continues today. The two playwrights made their masterpieces during different eras; Sophocles life coincided with the Golden Age of Greek tragedy and ShakespeareRead MoreWho Is Responsible for the Downfall of Oedipus Fate or Free Will?1639 Words   |  7 PagesIS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DOWNFALL OF OEDIPUS, IS IT FATE OR FREE WILL? In Oedipus the King by Sophocles, Oedipus is responsible for the tragedy of his downfall. Oedipus is presented with a series of choices throughout the play, and his arrogant and stubborn nature push him to impulsively make the wrong decisions, the decisions that ultimately lead him to his downfall. While Oedipus and those around him consider fate the source of Oedipus problems, Oedipus decisions show the audienceRead MoreOedipus The King : A Tragic Hero987 Words   |  4 Pagesgreek tragedies, Oedipus the King had a tragic hero whose downfall was the result of a tragic flaw. Oedipus, like other greek characters, did not see his errors until his reign was coming to an end. Oedipus, the man who saved Thebes did not understand that every good thing must come to an end. A tragic hero defined by Aristotle has five characteristics that lead to their downfall and their understanding of why the situation happened. Oedipus is the ideal tragic hero because his downfall followe d theRead MoreA Comparative of Shakespeares Othello and Oedipus Rex1511 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s Othello and Oedipus Rex In Shakespeare’s work Othello: The Moor of Venice, Othello’s over trusting nature was revealed when his trust in false accusations about his wife Desdemona’s unfaithfulness causes him to kill her and himself, conveying Othello as a tragic hero. Oedipus, the main character in Oedipus Rex, is characterized as a tragic hero when he tries to run away from his fate and finds out that the cause of his fate was his attempt to escape it. Oedipus Rex and Othello share aRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Oedipus The King1156 Words   |  5 Pagessee the main dimensions of the two figures. I preferred to work with the book by Sophocles Oedipus, the king, in order to portray the attributes of a tragic hero. The book contains adequate information concerning the attributes of a tragic hero and the manner in which the book brings it out is exquisite. The strengths of my essay are that I was able to perfectly portray the dimensions of a tragic hero. Oedipus being the protagonist of th e play plays a keys role in the exemplification of the tragic

Medical Marijuana Good or Bad Free Essays

On April 14, 2011, I read an article in the New York Times that read Pat Robertson Questions Prison for Pot Convictions. (Shear) The article had caught my eye because of who Pat Robertson is and how you wouldn’t think he would be for the legalization of Marijuana. I would have to agree with what Pat goes on to say and how I feel a lot of it makes sense. We will write a custom essay sample on Medical Marijuana: Good or Bad? or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"I’m not exactly for the use of drugs, don’t get me wrong, but I just believe that criminalizing marijuana, criminalizing the possession of a few ounces of pot, that kind of thing, it’s just, it’s costing us a fortune and it’s ruining young people,† Mr. Robertson said. Young people go into prisons; they go in as youths and come out as hardened criminals. That’s not a good thing. † That is what Pat Robertson, the televangelist who once ran for president, said on his show â€Å"The 700 Club† while mentioning how thought marijuana being legalized can be a good thing. I am a 41 year old wife and mother who has had her fair share of life experiences. My past experiences include using marijuana from time to time when I was younger. I never became an avid user and only remember having a good time when I used. I distinctively remember how its effects relaxed me more and put me more at ease. Unfortunately, prison and jail are also in my past experiences and that’s where I have to agree with Mr. Robertson and what he says in this article. I do believe that people being put in jail and prisons for minor marijuana charges is doing nothing but costing us millions in dollars in prosecuting them and subjecting these people to offenders who are there for much more dangerous offenses. My marijuana use and jail time had nothing to do with one another. I was sentenced for something wrong that I had done and was rightfully sentenced for that crime. I took it very serious and did what needed to be done to get back home and start over. If it’s not taken seriously and it’s not used as a positive stepping stone it can be very easy to get caught up with the wrong people and negative drama that jail brings and the bad things good people can learn and take with them when released. Each year, some 750,000 Americans are arrested for possession of small amounts of marijuana. Is that really what we want our police force to focus on? I am not a Cannabis activist, but the real truth is, I would much rather have pot in bars than alcohol any day. I am so tired of the fights that break out or all the DUI’s that people get all the time. In most my research, I haven’t found any real statistics on how marijuana poses the same result? Alcohol, which can cause one to become violent and even cause death does not compare with marijuana, where one can’t OD or cause death by over-intoxication. A spokesperson for Mr. Robertson goes on to say that Mr. Robertson did not intend to suggest support for the legalization of marijuana, but rather to question the severity of how our government punishes those who use or possess a small amount of the drug. Sarah Palin, who is against the legalization of marijuana, has said how she feels that our police force shouldn’t spend a lot of time hunting down these offenders. The drug policy that our government currently holds also plays a significant role in creating crime and empowering gangs. â€Å"The only groups that benefit from continuing to keep marijuana illegal are the violent gangs and cartels that control its distribution and reap immense profits from it through the black market†. That is what a group of current and former police officers, judges, and prosecutors wrote last month in an open letter to voters in California. Kristof) I would have to agree with that statement wholeheartedly. I strongly feel that if marijuana was legalized it would cease some of the violent and criminal activity in society. Legalizing marijuana for medical use is a huge debate within Americans and our government here in the United States. There are 15 states that allow medical marijuana to be distributed legally to its consumers. Here is a list of some of the medical issues that can be helped by the use of marijuana: * Pain Relief ( all types of Pain one might have) * Increases appetite (Cancer) * Decreased Nausea (AIDS/Cancer) Muscle relaxation (Multiple Sclerosis/Epileptic Seizures) * Enhances mood and senses (Depression and anxiety) * Encourages drowsiness and sleep (Multiple Sclerosis, Depression, Cancer and more) These are only some of the many medical issues that can be improved and benefited by the medicinal use of Marijuana. (Uddin/Hurd) After reading all the great ways marijuana can help someone when suffering from a medical problem makes you wonder why more states haven’t joined in on legalizing it. There is more evidence in backing up the pro than the con side of this litigation. I now want to introduce to you, Don Lisk, 57, and Sarah Baugh, both from Montana and both being prescribed medical marijuana for medicinal purposes, tell us of their experiences. In short, Don suffers from chronic back pain he has had for 20 years and tells us marijuana dulls the back pain enough to let him sleep better at night. He also says how pot takes the edge off the pain and he doesn’t suffer the withdrawal he experiences with the opiates such as Lortab. Sarah Baugh, 25, of Billings suffered 12 seizures a day while taking 14 medications that cost $2,000 a month. By using marijuana, she weaned herself off most of her medications and now takes just a small dose of anti-seizure medication. Baugh trimmed her drug costs from $2,000 to less than $600 a month. She dropped 150 pounds, lost the tremors and seizures. (weedblog. com) I have come to find out that marijuana can be used to produce green fuel for autos. How, because of its root structure, it makes the best erosion control. The oils from the seeds can be great for cooking. Just some other ways that marijuana can benefit within our society. I strongly agree that medical marijuana should be legalized and I also agree that marijuana use can be made safe and profitable for all parties involved. The economy would benefit by adding revenue and tax money. By providing it in a safe and regulated way it benefits those who need medical relief, and last but not least it would benefit society by allowing police to concentrate on more violent crimes and criminal activity. The only true losers to the legalization and decriminalization of marijuana are those who stand to make great deals of money from the illegal sales of pot and the transportation of it into the United States. How to cite Medical Marijuana: Good or Bad?, Papers

B2B and B2C Marketing

Questions: 1.What are the advantages and the pitfalls of starting to sell consumer products to both markets- consumers as well as business customers? 2.What are the advantages and the pitfalls of starting to sell business products to both markets- business customers as well as consumers? Answers: Introduction: The aim of the study is to highlight the advantages and pitfalls of B2B and B2C businesses. B2B and B2C business implies business to business model sells where companies sell their products to another business (Ferrell and Hartline 2011). For example, Apple Inc deals with electronic products. The raw materials that are required for the manufacturing purpose are outsourced from other firms. The aim of selling products directly to the consumers, known as business to customers, is a popular means of business and the aim is to generate more profit in the future business practices. 1.Advantages of selling products to business products to business as well as consumers: Business to Business model is the situation where one company sells their products or services to another business entity. This selling amount depends on the order size and the repetition of the order (Winer and Dhar 2011). Keeping the same approach into consideration, many companies actually believe in the conduction of large consumer. The sales cycle also depends on the final purcha decision. Business to consumers refers to the form of business where the products or the service is sold directly to the consumers. In the view point of Blythe (2006), this form of business is very popular because this form of business actually helps in building e-commerce decisions in the most appropriate manner. Example of B2B products: Selling of CRM software: Keeping customer relationship management requires to keep track on the sales lead and to manage with the sales cycles and at the same time determining the cold-calling schedule (Peter and Donnelly 2011). Selling of office equipment: Equipments are sold to the companies who barely wish to upgrade their business activities from the past (Blythe 2006). Selling security and security control hardware: The hardware systems are required in building the management companies, municipalities and universities. It is not possible to sell products to the online channels in comparison to selling it to the private customers. As commented by Ferrell and Hartline (2011), it is easier to approach a single customer as compared to other business sectors. B2B commerce serves many advantages and makes real sense in dealing with customers. Some of the advantages can be explained: New target group of consumers shall incur additional revenue: Carrying out B2B activities will significantly involve addressing the contacts from the business professionals. In a new business group, maintaining a high contact with the consumers is necessary. It is by the means of business to customers, that shall help to pursue more sales opportunities required for future business perspectives. Consumers can be easily be approached in B2B services by using a public catalog (Kotabe and Helsen 2011). This is a better means of attracting more consumers from the available search engines in an online store. In order to gain better revenue and expansion of the business, cross selling and up-selling approach can be used. In addition to this, this particular product is useful enough to attract more consumers in the business activities. Link between cost reduction and long term customer loyalty: In B2B clients are more loyal than B2C commercial activities. Business customers results in the direct connection between the suppliers by mutual agreement (Kotler and Keller 2011). On the other hand, low acquisition cost and a long lasting relationship helps in maintaining relationship with customers. At the same time, the customer loyalty is also strengthened. High transactional value helps in increased purchase: In B2B commercial activities, the shopping carts are bigger because companies believe that buying enormous amount of products adds value to the business activities. This activity in turn increases the transaction value of the business (Kotabe and Helsen 2011). Clear structure with collaborative shopping: In a business, the entire purchasing process is arranged in an organized manner. As it has been evident that the employees focus on the products that have high demand and help to increase the business. It is by this means the expectations of the business are met. Better opportunity to expand: In B2B e-commerce activities, there remains the chance for expansion within a short time. The activity is also beneficial for future operations (Kotler and Keller 2011). Increase of brand awareness: By the means of better distribution channels, the customer awareness prevails in the particular business organization (Winer and Dhar 2011). When a brand is established, this automatically assists in fostering the market range effectively. The activity gets optimized when online business is offered. Personalization of the B2 shops: The leading B2B stores can be more attractive and they can be conceived as intuitive for future purposes. If a professional designing approach is undertaken, it will definitely increase the value of the customers in a better comprehensive manner (Peter and Donnelly 2011). In addition to this, the business customers also help in creating a specific standard for the customers for better future activities. 2. Advantages of selling to consumers to business entities as well as consumers: It has to be consider, selling products to business is difficult task and it requires high contacts with the business professionals. Some of the major examples can be stated here: Small vs. Big: It has to be understood that B2B market consists of specified number of customers. However, the case is not similar in case of B2C, where the business activities are mainly concerned for vast audiences for future business activities (Kotler and Keller 2011). Sales cycle: B2B customers are generally quoted for a long time before the sales to gain better return but the B2C customers reduces the rush time from the major past activities (Kotabe and Helsen 2011). Relationship vs. product: It has been observed that B2B customers always focus in making a good relationship with the clients. Keeping a good relationship will also help in improving the bottom line of the product by improving the support (Lancaster and Massingham 2011). It has to be understood that B2C customers actually focus on the product and the amount to be paid at the same time. Therefore, taking care of the value of the product automatically falls under their business activities. Advertisement styles: Unique and infrequent advertisements help in educating the customers and the marketing strategy also changes (Peter and Donnelly 2011). When the frequency of the advertisement is high, it creates a memorable image in the entire advertising process. Rational Vs Emotional: Often consumers get emotionally attached to the served notice and this makes them ready for an impulsive behavior towards the particular product or service (Winer and Dhar 2011). The consumers also understand that a rational behavior is important because it will lead to saving of money from wasting in the major business activities. With the analysis, it has to be pointed out that it is not easy to convince business professionals and thus, carry out business sales activities throughout (Lancaster and Massingham 2011). It has to be understood that there are major pitfalls in both the models of business activities but in a particular manner. Therefore, it is expected that much information should be gathered prior taking any kind of decision related to business activities. Conclusion: With the detailed analysis, it has been observed that selling products to another business reflects troublesome that selling it to other customers. It is easier to convince consumers, directly or indirectly, than convincing the professional groups of people. In order to generate revenue for the company, it can be recommended to maintain high level contacts with business professionals and other related organizations. Lastly, it can be said that both B2B and B2C models have certain advantages in their respective commercial activities. References: Blythe, J 2012,Marketing, SAGE Publications, London. Dahlstrom, R 2011,Green marketing management, South-Western / Cengage Learning, Mason, Ohio. Ferrell, O and Hartline, M 2011,Marketing management strategies, South-Western, Cengage Learning, Australia. Kotabe, M and Helsen, K 2011,Global marketing management, Wiley, Hoboken, N.J. Kotler, P and Keller, K 2011,A framework for marketing management, Pearson Education, Harlow. Lancaster, G and Massingham, L 2011,Essentials of marketing management, Routledge, London. Peter, J and Donnelly, J 2011,A preface to marketing management, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, New York. Sheehan, B 2011,Marketing management, AVA Pub., Lausanne, Switzerland. Winer, R and Dhar, R 2011,Marketing management, Prentice Hall, Boston.

Money and Success free essay sample

Material possession has been traditionally accepted as the measurement of one’s success or social status. When we initially refer to someone, we routinely mention how much money he owns and thereby believe this individual to be quite successful if he is wealthy. In addition to this perpetuated concept, owning a lot of money is typically related to one’s work ability and thus some people may simply consider money as a prime measurement of one’s success. However, this view has changed recently since many people have come to recognize that money in many cases cannot bring about happiness, health and success. A more precise, contemporaneous definition of success means doing the things one perceives are valuable to themselves and beneficial for others. The winner of the Nobel Prize for peace may think he is has achieved success although he is rewarded little financial benefit. A person who loves animals and makes an effort to save animals that are on a path of extinction may think he has gained success although he may have expended all of his money on his career. We will write a custom essay sample on Money and Success or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another individual may define success as being able to make artistic masterpieces that can be accepted by public. As a composer, success is having his work praised by adoring fans and who help cause the work to be bought the world over. Similarly, holding an exhibition in a famous art gallery may connote success for a painter. People adhere to various concepts defining success. Money surely cannot be the only measurement of success. Acquiring true happiness in life and attaining success means having the freedom and capability of doing that which you enjoy and believing it to be valuable.

Scopist

Scopist Scopist Scopist By Maeve Maddox I received an email from a reader who is a scopist. The reader suspected that the title might be unfamiliar to me and kindly explained it: scopist/notereader for a court reporter. I was grateful because I’d never heard the word scopist before. Naturally I wanted to know more, so I looked the word up in the OED; it wasn’t there. Then I looked in Merriam-Webster Unabridged, but it wasn’t there either. Since it is a court-related occupation, I looked it up in a legal glossary and on a legal job site. Still nothing. Finally, a general Web search brought me to a definition in Wikipedia: A scopist edits the transcripts of official proceedings, created by court reporters. The word is recorded in the Ngram Viewer database, so I don’t understand why it isn’t in the OED; since the 1980s the word has been climbing in frequency of use. My only acquaintance with court transcripts is from my research into the life and career of Joan of Arc. The scribes at Joan’s trial copied down the proceedings, proofed them for omissions and errors, and then put the transcript in its final form. In Joan’s case the transcripts were falsified afterwards, but that was in the bad old Middle Ages. Apparently today’s court reporters aren’t expected to do the entire job themselves, probably because the courts are busier, and reporters don’t have time to correct their own work. More from Wikipedia: Scopists receive the rough copies of transcripts [typed by the court reporters], check the transcript for missing words or mistakes, edit grammar and punctuation, ensure that proper names and technical or scientific terms are spelled correctly, and format the transcript properly before delivering the transcript back to the court reporter. According to the job description, Scopists need excellent grammar, punctuation, vocabulary, and research skills, as well as good knowledge of legal terminology, medical terminology, and transcript production. They are typically voracious readers, gatherers of eclectic knowledge, and adept users of technology. The job of scopist sounds like a perfect fit for a language lover. As for the question asked by the scopist who introduced me to the word, see â€Å"Hyphenating Prefixes.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Avoid Beginning a Sentence with â€Å"With†Yay, Hooray, Woo-hoo and Other AcclamationsParticular vs. Specific

Improving yourself without climbing the corporate ladder

Improving yourself without climbing the corporate ladder Many of us who enter the workforce come strapped with a host of preconceived notions about how our career journeys will ultimately pan out- the steps we’ll take as we climb the ladder to success, the positions we’ll hold, the salaries and benefits we’ll acquire along the way, and the timelines for making it all happen. Sure, we can spend all our time planning every step of our careers- from our first jobs until the day we retire- but the truth is, it’s almost impossible to predict precisely how it’ll all go. After all, a fair amount of variables that are often out of our direct control, like luck and being at the right place at the right time, factor into the professional mix along with our skill, effort, and good intentions. That said, you don’t need to climb the corporate ladder to grow and evolve. There are ways to make improvements and achieve success that doesn’t involve reaching the next rung. Also, freeing yourself from the cons tant stress and anxiety of having to hit some arbitrary career milestone may be one of the best things you do for yourself. Whether you’re at a career inflection point or want to explore new ways to effect positive professional change that doesn’t include chasing a promotion, keep reading and consider the following strategies for self-improvement.Learn a new skillThese days, too many of us are blindly focused on racing up the corporate ladder and avoid or overlook making the most of opportunities available at our current positions. However, if we slow down and take stock of where we’re currently at in our career trajectories, chances are we’ll see that there are a collection of new skills we can focus on acquiring at our current levels- which will not only benefit us now, but will also likely set us up for greater success in the long term.Consider stepping out of your comfort zone and trying something new at work, or maybe even taking a class or pursuing advanced certification. What’s better, many companies are aware of the benefits of having a highly-trained staff and are willing and eager to provide and fund training opportunities for employers. It’s a total win-win situation for all!Explore your industryAre you up on all the latest and greatest developments in your industry? Or are you so focused on climbing the corporate ladder that you’re allowing yourself to fall behind when it comes to current events? Instead of constantly looking upward at your career growth, consider spending some time looking all around you and getting reacquainted with industry news and trends. This can include attending industry events and joining online groups devoted to your specific field. Not only can you come away with a whole host of knowledge and new contacts, it also might help guide and refocus the direction your career takes.Spark positive change at your companyIf all of your focus is on yourself and your career path, you m ay be missing out on opportunities to help improve things at your company. Instead of thinking solely about the next step on the ladder to success, spend some time thinking about workflow and processes in your team, department, and company. How can you share and implement ideas that can help enhance productivity and efficiency? Not only can this help your company, it can also help improve your work life, impress the higher-ups, and lead to bigger and better things in your professional future.When it comes to your career, ambition can absolutely be a good thing- but focusing all of your time and energy on climbing the corporate ladder isn’t the only way to improve yourself. Consider the strategies and advice presented here to effect positive and lasting change in new and meaningful ways.

What is a (successful) business strategy Example of Volkswagen Group Essay

What is a (successful) business strategy Example of Volkswagen Group - Essay Example The description of this research paper will incorporate the integrated nature of the course of development of corporate strategy along with the description of the four key dimensions of a well-developed business strategy.The research paper is a description of the issues related to the development of a business strategy. The analytical discussion will be supported with evidences from the strategic operations of the Volkswagen group.Business strategy is the basis of successful business that helps the organizations achieve the desired strategic goals and objectives that are long term in nature. Besides the prevalence of different types of business strategies to choose from for the organizations, that strategy is considered the best which increases the chances of prevalence of the organizations in an extremely dynamic world, both at present and in the future.The development of corporate strategy revolves around two major aspects such as setting the objectives and reaching the results tar geted. Every business establishes objectives but lacks the desired level of cohesion between the set objectives and the path chosen to be followed for supporting them. The integrated nature of the strategic development helps the organizations in choosing the right direction of fulfilling the objectives. The integrated approach towards the development and implementation of strategy is therefore referred to as bridging of the â€Å"relevance gap†. The vision is that single succinct statement that defines the goals which are medium to long term in nature. .... For example, the vision of the Volkswagen group for the ‘strategy 2018’ is to make the group a leader in the global environmental and economic perspective among the manufacturers of automobile. By the year 2018, it aims to become the world’s most fascinating and successful automaker5. 2.2 Components of Vision The vision is composed of three essential components that form the basis of successful functioning of the organization. The components are the values, purpose and leadership. The importance of value is justified through choosing of the best valued guiding actions and goals of the organization. Purpose is essential because it not only drives a company forward but also helps in building sustainable advantage. Purpose and value, both cannot operate in isolation and thus for making them work, leadership is essential. It helps in sustaining the organization’s values and purposes3. 2.3 Mission A mission describes the present business of a company. The missio ns of a company can be multiple in its nature and it is the vision that guides the formulation of the mission. The mission helps the organization in deciding the planning process that will fulfill the objectives and help to achieve the ultimate goal of the organization. For example, in review to the vision statement of Volkswagen, the following and many more mission statements have been formulated that is aimed towards the achievement of the strategic goals: Preparing for the challenges in the global competitive market Consistent building up of the company’s strengths and targeting new goals Optimization of CSR and management of the sustainability factor Enhancing the compliance of the company with legal requirements and

Is Microsoft a Monopoly Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Is Microsoft a Monopoly - Research Paper Example Before drawing any conclusions about Microsoft being a monopoly, we must first understand what a monopoly really is. A pure monopoly exists when there is a single supplier (Grant). In another definition monopoly is defined as the only supplier of a good for which there are no close substitutes (Perloff). From the above two definitions of monopoly it is safe to assume two characteristics that a firm must possess to be called a monopoly: 1. Sole supplier: variations may exist regarding the context of the sole supplier. In case of a pure monopoly there will be only one firm in the industry, meaning that the firm is the industry. It can also mean that there is one major firm with nearly the whole market power and other small firms have negligible share of the market that they can be ignored. Based on the two definitions I believe that Microsoft is not a monopoly. Firstly we must establish the industry, before labeling Microsoft a monopoly. If we consider the software industry then Microsoft is definitely not a monopoly. The software industry is huge with a diverse range of software ranging from OS software in which Microsoft holds a considerable market share to medical software where Microsoft has no market share. The fact is that before classifying a firm’s position in the industry first the industry needs to be defined. If we consider the first attribute then Microsoft is not the single supplier even in the OS industry, where it holds considerable market share. It faces competition from Android OS for tablet computers, Linux, Oracle, Xerox, DEC, Psion, Apple’s OS which is found in most Apple machines, and iOS, Apple’s OS for iPad and iPhones. There are some other OS that are developed on little known platforms, some of the most notable of these OS are: Haiku for IA-32 platform, RISC OS for ARM platform, MorphOS for Pegasos, EFIKA and Amiga platforms. Although these OS are in the market, Microsoft is the industry

Kotters Eight Step Change Management Model Management Essay

Kotters Eight Step Change Management Model Management Essay Change is the word that best described of the modern societies and culture. Change occurred in almost every aspects of life. Change presses us out from our comfort zone. People changed in their life to avoid stagnation and to improve their quality of life and become a better person. This is also true in business where the rapid change in technologies, the way of doing things, advances in information technologies, internal and external pressures, e-business and globalization creates a competitive environment in most organization in order to survive and to be relevant. How business react, operate and adapt to any changes determine the survivability of the company. In organization, change is necessary but often proves to be challenging. To guide a change (managing a change process) may be the greatest test for the leader of the organization especially when there is resistance. Therefore to lead a change is essential but difficult (Kotter 2007). The successfulness on implementing change in an organization requires a series of phase, a correct tools and proper planning. Palmer, Dunford and Akin (2009) quoted that Changing organizations is as messy as it is exhilarating, as frustrating as it is satisfying, as muddling-through and creative a process as it is a rational one (p. 1). On the other hand, Lean Six Sigma or Lean thinking has been widely accepted and adoptable tool for improving organizational performance. The thinking provides a method to do more with less without jeopardizing the quality, cost and delivery and at the same time meeting customers requirements. Less means less effort, less equipment, less time, less cost, less space and eliminating all sources of wastes in the process. Developed as a production systems eliminating wastes in the Toyotas manufacturing plant in 1960s, now lean thinking evolving across countries and industries as a management approach that improves all processes at each level of the organization. However, in realities, many organizations are not able to transform themselves to lean organization and unable to get the benefit out of it. Transformation initiatives towards the lean organization are full with challenges and resistances. Many companies that promote lean thinking, even those undertaken with the best intention are often destined to a failure due to its unsuccessful execution (Jeyaraman 2010). There are a lot of resistance factors and mostly can be divided into human and non-human factor. From Langstrand et al. (2012) In a member survey, the Lean Enterprise Institute (LEI) found that more than 36% of the respondents attributed change failure to middle management resistance. Along with employee resistance and supervisor resistance, these were considered three of the four most significant obstacles to implementing lean (LEI, 2007). According to (Norani 2011) lean transition requires emergent strategy and he suggested that among all the emergent change approaches, Kotters Eight-Step Change Management Model is one of the best-known change management model. Kotter (1996) suggested Eight-Step Change Management Model as shown on Table 1.1. Table 1.1: Kotters Eight-Step Change Management Model Step 1 Establishing a Sense of Urgency Step 2 Creating the Guiding Coalition Step 3 Developing A Vision And Strategy Step 4 Communication the Change Vision Step 5 Empowering Employees for Broad-Based Action Step 6 Generating Short-Term Wins Step 7 Consolidating Gains And Producing More Change Step 8 Anchoring New Approaches In The Culture This study will analyze the effectiveness of change steps efforts that have been taken during the implementation of Lean Six Sigma Program in government owned service oriented organization from a perspective of change management using the Kotters eight-step change management model as benchmarks. Background of The Study In todays fast-moving era, if there is an organization that is looking for the pace of change to slow or slow in their reaction to any response, is likely to be sorely disappointed and left behind. In fact, some says that, in businesses change is permanent. Change is important in every organization because without change, business would likely lose their market shares, competitive edge and fail to meet the various needs of the customers. SIRIM Berhad is also not neglected from the challenges of reacting more intelligently to customers needs to become more effective. SIRIM Berhad, formerly known as the Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia (SIRIM), is a corporate organization owned wholly by the Malaysian Government, under the Minister of Finance Incorporated. It has been entrusted by the Malaysian Government to be the national organization for standards and quality, and as a promoter of technological excellence in the Malaysian industry. The organization came into operation on September 1, 1996 via corporatization scheme of standards and industrial research institute, initiated by the government with the vision to be a corporation of choice for technology and quality. SIRIM Berhad as the national organization of standardization and quality, and as the prime mover in industrial research and development acts as a catalyst in bringing about national economic dynamism through excellence in technology and international acceptance of Malaysian products and services. Their mission is to enhance their customers competitiveness through technology and quality, and fulfill the needs of the shareholders. As such its role is to act as: A champion of quality. The national technology development corporation. Vehicle for technology transfer. A provider of institutional and technical infrastructure for the Government. SIRIM Berhad has initiated a program called Lean Six-Sigma Program (LSSP). LSSP is developed based on the infamous improvement methodology known as Lean Six Sigma Strategy. It was initiated based on the emerging needs to develop SIRIM to be a market driven organization with sustainable business growth and global market penetration. The proposal has been developed by Group Quality Occupational Safety Health and Environment Department (GQOSHE) in 2008. The main objective of the LSSP is to establish an Integrated Business Process Improvement (IBPI) system that builds on four initiatives namely Lean Six Sigma (LSS), Innovative and Creative Circle (ICC), Just Do It (JDI) and Personal Quality Program (PQP). The first three initiatives are continuous improvement methodology used to enhance business performance while the latter is a motivational and cultural conditioning program for SIRIM staffs. The continuous improvement initiatives were used to promote, nurture and inculcate innovative, creative thinking and learning culture into SIRIM to strengthen its business processes and systems in order to be a market driven organization. Problem Statement Upon acceptance of the proposal from President and Chief Executive, LSSP was officially started on January 28, 2008 followed by the directive to begin the Lean Six Sigma project implementation on few small scale pilot projects on February 29, 2008. Seven (7) departments / divisions of SIRIM Berhad have been selected for the pilot project. These departments have been participating in the Lean Six Sigma workshops and training program which comprise of Green Belt and Black Belt programs. The program focusing on areas as follows; To assist the existing project team to implement prioritized ICC projects, Lean Six Sigma Value Stream projects, To initiate Lean Six Sigma initiative at other SIRIM departments and, To certify the Green Belt who has fulfilled the certification process. During the training period, 19 projects initiated on cost saving activities and 9 of the projects have been completed. Based on value stream mapping (process analysis) conducted at participating departments, upon completion of all the prioritized projects, the program has estimated cost savings of RM300k per year (including project savings from Genba Kaizen 5S implementation). Other tangible benefits from the program are: Safer and more organize work place. Creation of work space and elimination of obsolete and out-dated items. Low and controllable stock keeping level of certain items such as stationeries, chemicals resulting to better cash flow and stock management. Improved process visibility and productivity. Lean Six Sigma Program (LSSP) is expected to be a new change program in SIRIM Berhad and the successful implementation of the program is important for sustainability and growth of the organization. Despite the 3 years of training program consists of briefings, training session and pilot projects, the program unable to reach its goal of transferring SIRIM Berhad to become lean organization and to embed lean thinking into the culture of the organization. From an early interview with some of the staff involved, it is confirmed that currently Lean Six Sigma has not been practiced in their section or department. The program seems to be abandoned and not getting enough coalition to sustain the initiatives. Research Objectives The objectives of this study are: To analyze the effectiveness of change steps efforts that have been taken during the implementation of LSSP with reference to Kotters Eight-Step Change Management Model. To determine the benefit of LSSP to the department during the implementation stages. To determine the weakness of LSSP to the department during the implementation stages. To make recommendation on the finding to the management of SIRIM Berhad on managing lean program and any change management initiatives. Scope of The Study This study will be focusing on the implementation stages of Lean Six Sigma program in SIRIM Berhad. The respondents will comprise of managerial and non-managerial employees that participated in the program before. This study is focusing the change management steps as per Kotters eight change steps of change management as a benchmark. Significance of The Study After the training period, Lean Six Sigma program seems to be abandoned and not getting enough coalition to sustain the initiatives but no formal and structured study has been done to understand why the program not achieving the expected outcome especially on the implementation process. Therefore this study is significant to fill the gap by assessing the implementation steps that have been taken during the implementation of the Lean Six Sigma program. The research will analyze the employees perception toward the effort of change steps that have been taken during the implementation. By understanding this, it will help the management to prepare the suitable and effective steps to improve the implementation of LSS program in SIRIM Berhad and also to be used as a guideline for any changes initiatives in the organization. This study will also provide value by identifying if Kotters popular change management model is also useful in government owned service organization. As a result, the outcome can also be used by other government owned organizations that will or are undergoing Lean Six Sigma initiatives by providing information concerning the applicability of Kotters eight-step change management model as a useful model on managing a change in their organization. Academician and lean consultant could also get the benefit from the findings on the effective way of managing lean in government owned service oriented organization. Limitation of The Study It is important to understand that this is a case-study. This study is limited only to the staff of SIRIM Berhad that involved during the implementation of LSSP. The survey is based on perception and subject to bias that could impact the end results. Therefore the sincerity of the correspondents during answering the survey is very important. Definition of Terms Black Belt Full time position responsible for leading project teams. They are responsible for delivering the value and benefits that were determined for each of their projects during the projects selection process. Green Belts A person who works on a Lean Six Sigma project only part-time, on a specific process about which he or she generally possesses knowledge important to the success of the project (Michele 2002). Kaizen Continuous improvement in Japanese. The kaizen process is modeled after quality circle, the team-based continuous improvement vehicle utilized in the Toyota production System. The secret to Kaizen is that it emphasize creativity before capital (Michele 2002). Lean Six Sigma The activities that cause the customers critical-to-quality issues and create the longest time delays in any process offer the greatest opportunity for improvement in cost, quality, capital, and lead time (Michele 2002). Value Stream The set of activities that convert customer needs into delivered products and services. Improving an entire value stream requires multiple projects (Michele 2002). CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction Chapter 2 presents the literature review of the research study. This chapter is discussing about the change management, lean six sigma, change model, Kotters eight-step change management model and the research questions. Change Management Change is a reality of life. In the past five decades change/improvements initiatives have been driven by a lot of approaches. For example, in 1950s Management by Objectives (MBO), Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) have been introduced. In 1960s to 1970s Sensivity Training, T-groups, Quality Circles, Corporate Culture have been used. The famous improvement initiatives such as ISO9000, Total Quality Management and Corporate Culture were introduced in 1980s and in 1990s Reengineering Agile Strategies, Horizontal Corporations, Employee Empowerment, Core Competencies and Vision have taken the scene (Palmer, I. et.al 2009). Motivations for change have been customers satisfaction, cost reduction, improved efficiency, improved quality, or, in extreme cases, survival (Longbothom et.al 2006). Self D.R and Schraeder M. (2009) explained that the first challenge organization faced during implementing change in the organization is recognizing the need for change and second, and possibly more significant is effectively deploying strategies to implement change. Contemporary literature outlines a multitude of various strategies for implementing change in an organization. Wikipedia (2012) defines Change Management as an approach to shifting / transitioning individuals, teams, and organizations from a current state to desired future state. Smith (2005) explained that change is a process of letting go of things as they are in order to take up a new ways of doing things. Organizational change normally challenges the status quo of the employee and it may challenge the values and perceived rights of workers and work group. For some people, change is welcome and relates to something new, fresh and exciting but for some people may be more cautious by seeking to test and examine before proceeding. Palmer et. al (2009) explained that there are six images of managing change. First is change manager as a director which gave an image of management as control and change outcomes as being achievable. Second is change manager as a navigator where the manager is in control of a given situation and the outcomes are partly emergent rather than completely planned and result from a variety of influences, competing interests and processes. Third is change manager as care taker is an ideal image of management is still one of control, although the ability to exercise control is severely constrained by a variety of forces, both internally and externally driven, that propel change relatively independent of managers intentions. Forth is change manager as a coach where the manager is in a position to shape the organizations capabilities in particular ways. Fifth is change manager as an interpreter where managing change places the change manager in the position of creating meaning for the other o rganisational members, helping them to make sense of various organisational events and actions. And lastly change manager as nurturer where the nurturing image to managing assumes that even small changes may have a large impact on organizations and managers are not able to control the outcomes of their changes. For other journal, Michael Stanleigh (2008) found that most change initiatives fail because management may not be engaging employees in the process towards change and do not allow sufficient time for change to set. It is important to implement change in a series of phases that will engage employee and to allow sufficient length of time for each phase to become institutionalized within the organization. He listed out several drivers of change such as mergers and acquisitions, innovation, technology, restructuring / re-organizing, declining sales and/or market share, globalization, expansion and growth, sense of urgency and lastly when 75% of the leadership is honestly convinced that business as usual is no longer as acceptable plan. However he claimed that, too often, management fails to recognize that adjustment to change takes time. They expected the employee to react quickly to the changes and fail to recognize that each individual will go through all of the phases at different pac es. As a result, sometimes the employee may burn out, scared or frustrated and unable to cooperate. Therefore he recommended all managers to apply multi-step process to guide, include, empower, enlist and motivate employees toward change. 2.2 Lean Six Sigma Lean Six Sigma is a technique to improve process and can be used either individually, in a group of people or in combination with a target to improve the quality and delivery of any business process. Originally developed by Toyota called as Toyota Production System is based on series of principles focusing on eliminating 7 categories of Muda, Japanese word means waste, specifically any activity of consuming resources but creates no values. Waste such as over produced of goods that no one wants, transportation of goods from one place to another without any reasons, waste due to correction of defects which require rectifications, waste in waiting time due to delay in process, over-processing, inventory pile up and motion waste of unnecessary processing steps will end up not meeting the needs of the customers. Liker (2004) claimed that the lean thinking was used by Taiichi Ohno, a Toyotas Plant manager who was assigned to improve Toyotas manufacturing process back in 1950. TPS underpins many innovation including the elimination waste muda, quality at the source jidoka and continuous improvement kaizen. Through years of trial and error, Toyota caught the worlds attention in 1980s where the cars produced were lasting longer than American cars and required much less repair. Based on his study, in 1990s Toyota capable to produced new design of auto faster, with more reliability, at a competitive cost and became third-largest auto manufacturer in the world behind General Motors and Ford. Much of the success comes from its astounding quality reputation. Kaizen (continuous improvement) will lead to learning organization. This culture when embedded to the organization will give a great benefit by providing opportunities for improvement and sustainability in a long run. Any organization will obtain an effectiveness and efficiency in their process by implementing Lean. Lean requires a specific way of thinking, philosophy and management system. Liker (2004) describes fourteen principles of lean at Toyota Production Systems (TPS) and the principles can be divided into four categories that are; Long-Term Philosophy. The Right Process Will Produce The Right Results. Add Value by Developing Your People and Partners, and Continuously Solving Root Problems Drives Learning. Womack J.P and Jones D.T (1996) explained that the lean thinking provides a method to make any tasks more satisfying by converting waste into value with less human effort, less equipment, less time and less space while coming closer and closer to providing customers with exactly what they want. He proposed 5 lean principles consist of: Specify Value. Identify the Value Stream. Determine the Flow. Pull. Perfection. They proposed that all 5 steps should be applied holistically and it is important that all the steps are performing together due to the interrelationship between the principles is enough to enhance the outcomes of the others. They also argue than lean not just can be successful in manufacturing organization but also in any other organization. They come out with a term called From Lean Production to Lean Enterprise. Although lean will always associated with reduction of costs, eliminating waste and JIT but the adoption of lean is beneficial for knowledge-based activities such as services, design, engineering and product development. 2.3 Change Model There are a lot of change models been studied and introduced to organize change activities in a systematic approach. Researchers have been studying change, specifically organizational change, for decades. Detail studies on implementing change has been conducted by Ian Palmer, Richard Dunford and Gib Akin (2009) and presented in their book Managing Organizational Change. They said that in various change management approaches provide multistep models of how to achieve larga-scale, transformation change. They studied 9 examples of change management model that have been introduced from 1992 to 2006. These models differ not just in terms of the number of steps but also the way to implement the steps. Katner, Stein and Jick proposed an approach called Ten Commandments in 1992, Pendlebury, Grouard and Meston proposed Ten Keys in 1998, Nadler proposed 12 Action Steps in 1998, Taffinder proposed Transformation Trajectory in 1998, Anderson and Anderson proposed Nine-Phase Change Process Model in 2001, Kirkpatrick proposed Step-by-Step Change Model in 2001, Mento, Jones and Dirndorfer proposed 12-Step Framework in 2002, Light proposed RANDs Six Steps in 2005 and Leppit proposed Integrated Model in 2006. The summary of all 9 change models made by Palmer et. al. (2009) is as Appendix 1. Ian Palmer, Richard Dunford and Gib Akin (2009) said that possibly one of the best-known change management model is John Kotters eight-step model. Norani (2011) also says that among all the emergent change approaches, Kotters model is said to have a long standing high reputation that has flexibility to deal with vast number of problems and issues that may be experienced during change. Kotters simplifies the steps during change process to overcome the challenge and constraints that might occurred during the implementation. 2.4 Kotters Eight-Step Change Management Model John P. Kotter graduated from MIT and Harvard. He joined the Harvard Business School faculty in 1972 and after 8 years, at the age of thirty-three, he was voted tenure and a full professorship. He wrote a lot of books, journals and articled related to leadership, change and managements. In 1994 he wrote an article for the Harvard Business Review entitled Leading Change: Why Transformation Efforts Fail. It was based on his analysis from a lot of initiatives to produce significant useful change in organization via restructuring, reengineering, restrategizing, acquisitions, downsizing, quality programs and cultural renewal in companies that trying to remake themselves into significantly better companies. These companies included large organizations such as Ford, General Motors, British Airways, Landmark Corporation etc. The basic goal of all change efforts was to make fundamental changes in how business is conducted in order to cope with a changing market environment. He has made his st udy on both success and fail of change initiatives. As a result from his analysis Kotter developed his 8 steps for change. The eight steps were created to be followed one by one and in sequence where for him each step building on the previous. Kotter states that it is essential to thoroughly complete all 8 steps, not cutting only one or short. Kotter (1996) quoted Whenever you leave one of the steps in the eight-stage change process without finishing the work, you usually pay a big price later on. Step 1 is Establishing a Sense of Urgency. Change efforts begin successfully when some individuals of a group of people start realize and look hard at a companys competitive situations, market positions, technological trends and financial performance. Kotter notes that over half of the companies he analyzes have never been able to create enough urgency to prompt action. Compared with other steps in the change process, step one can sound easy but it is not. Well over 50% of the companies I have watched fail in this first phase (Kotter, 2007, pg. 3). Kotter proposed that the change initiatives can be successful is when 75% of companys managements is honestly convinced and agreed to change. Step 2 is Creating the Guiding Coalition. Kotter (1995) described it as a step that requires the organization to assembling a group with enough power to lead the change effort and encourage the group to work together as a team. The team may consist one or two people in the early stage but it must grow over time. It is important that the team get full support by the top managements. A high sense of urgency for change within the top management is such organization helps enormously in putting a guiding coalition together. Leadership play an important role to spread out the sense of urgency to change. Efforts that dont have a powerful enough guiding coalition cant only sustain for a while and in the end the progress will stop. Step 3 is Developing a Vision and Strategy. A vision helps clarify the direction in which the change results should be. Kotter (1995) describe this step as developing a picture of the future that is relatively easy to communicate and appeals to customers, stock-holders and employees. Without a sensible vision, any change effort can easily dissolve into a list of confusing and incompatible projects that can take the organization in the wrong direction or nowhere at all. Step 4 is Communicating the Change Vision. In this step, every possible communication channel must be used to spread out the change initiatives. Everybody needs to know, aware and get familiar about what is happening. Some key elements of effectively communicating shall be used such as repetition, explanation, forums and leading by example of the guiding coalition. Step 5 is Empowering Employees for Broad-Based Action. In this step, action should be taken to remove all obstacles to change. This might as be up to the extent of changing systems or structures that seriously undermine the vision. It also may involve allocating some budget, money, time, support etc. These are to get more people to involve. The more people involved, the better the outcome (Kotter 1995). Step 6 is Generating Short-Term Wins. Transformation will take time and effort and will risk losing momentum if there are no short-term goals or achievement. Some people will only get participate when they start to see the positive results. Without short term wins, people will get exhausted and may turn back to their original behavior or condition. Step 7 is Consolidating Gains and Producing More Change. In this step, Kotter gave warns that people tend to declare victory too soon before they are really won. They easily get satisfied with the changes without knowing that it is not fully embedded into the systems of the organization. The change might take years to complete. Step 8 is Anchoring New Approaches in The Culture. This step is the ultimate goal of any change initiatives. It embeds in the culture of the organization, when it seeps into the bloodstream of the organization. 2.5 Research Questions Based on the discussion above, the following research questions have been formulated to guide the study. Is the program established enough Sense of Urgency to the staff during the implementation period? Is the program creating a group of people with enough power to lead the change effort and encourage the group to work together as a team during the implementation period? Is the staff been thought about the Vision and Strategy and understand the end results of Lean Six Sigma program? Is the staff well versed and understand about the benefit of Lean Six Sigma? Is the program gets enough support from the management and well accepted by the staff? Is staff clear about the short term target and long term target of the program and feel that Lean Six Sigma will give a lot of benefit to them? Is the program continuously developing and more people start to talk about Lean Six Sigma? Is Lean Six Sigma embedded into the culture of every staff? CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Introduction The previous chapters provide with a contextual framework for understanding the purpose and objectives of the research. Chapter three focuses on the research methodology and its application to the research objectives and questions outlined in chapter one and two. The research design, population and sample, sampling procedure, assessment instruments and pilot study are described according to its use in this chapter. In addition the statistical tools used for data analysis are defined in relation to the objectives and research questions. Research Design Research can be describe as a systematic and organized effort to investigate a specific problem that needs solution. Management research could encompass the study of employee attitude and behavior, human resources management, the impact of changing demographic on management practices, production operation management, strategy formulation, information systems, and the like (Sekaran, 1984, p. 5). The type of this research is applied research. When research is done with the intention of applying the results of its findings to solving specific problems currently being experienced in the organization, it is called applied research (Sekaran, 1984, p. 6). Data can be collected in a variety of ways, settings and sources. This study will base on quantitative research using questionnaires (survey) method and qualitative research by interviewing some of the selected staff purposive sampling. Sekaran (1984) explained that a questionnaire is a preformulated written set of questions to which respondents record their answer, usually within rather closely defined alternatives and interviewing is a process to obtain information on the issues of interest to the researched. It can be either unstructured or structured and could be conducted either face to face or any means. The main purpose of the interview is to have an early understanding on Lean Six Sigma Program that has been implemented. Population and Sample A total of 120 participants from 7 departments / divisions of SIRIM Berhad participated in Lean Six Sigma Program will involve in this study. The participants are full time staff work